Road-machine



4 Sheets-Sheet 1. r S. PENNOOK. ROAD M'AGHINE.

(No ModeL) Nd. 315,541. Patented' Apr. 14, 1885. 4.

(No Model.) I 4Shets-Sheet 2.

S. PENNOOK.

ROAD MACHINE. 7

No. 315,541. Patented Apr. 14, 1885.

4 Sheets- 81mm; 3.

(No Model.)

S. PENNOGK".

ROAD MACHINE.

, No. 315,541. Patented Apr. 14, 1885;

, 3 6505mm I M 1M,

W mw

Afforn v 4 Sheets-+Sheet 4. S. PENNOGK.

ROAD MACHINE.

(No ModeL) No. 315,541. Patented Apr. 14, 1885.

' fiwmlon $5 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL PENNOCK, or KENNETT SQUARE, PENNSYLVANIA.

ROAD-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Pate nti o. 315,541, dated April 14, 1885. Application filed August 2, issa. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, SAMUEL PENNoox, of Kennett'Square, in the county of Chester and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain .new and usefuldmprovements in Road-Ma chines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in road-machines, the object being to produce a machine having a capacity for a wide range of work, including the manipulation of snow, and combining simplicity and cheapness of construction and maintenance with durability and efficiency in use.

With these objects in view my invention consists in certain details of construction and combination of parts, as will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

I11 the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a road-machine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a view of the same side of the machine, the runner and the adjacent wheel of the front running-gear being broken away. Fig. 3 is a view-0f the opposite side of the machine, one of the wheels of the rear running-gear being broken away.

Fig. 4 is a rear view in perspective of the rear end of the scraper. Fig. 5 is a view in elevation of one of the wheels of the rear running-gear, the said wheel being provided with a removable flange; and Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the wheel shown in the preceding figure.

In the drawings, in which the machine is shown in its adaptation to fulfill the function of a snow-plow, A represents the supportingframe from which the scraper B is suspended. Curved arms 0, having their rear ends, re-- spectively, attached to the opposite side of the forward end of the said supporting-frame, form an elevated frame or goose-neck, which permits the front running-gear, D, to be turned to coincide with the central line of draft of the machine, or to any angle therewith. This construction not only enables the machine to be turned in very narrow roads, but it also enables it to be used to excellent advantage in moving masses of earth and snow sidcwise, as is frequently necessary. I A bearing, 0 ,10- cated between and secured to the forward ends of the arms 0, rests'upon a bearing-circle, D attached to or made integral with the axle of the front running-gear, D. The bearing thus obtained prevents the machine from tipping under the influence of the scraper.

The rear runninggear, which consists of an axle, E, and wheels F, is located under the supporting-frame A, as shown. When, however, the machine is used as a snow-plow, the

wheel located in front of the scraper is removed and replaced by a skeleton runner, G, the same being held rigidly in place by a beam, H, temporarily attached to the frame A. By sinking into the'snow, the runner performs efficient service in preventing the machine from swerving from side to side bythe pressure of snow against the scraper, and, by offering less obstruction to the masses of snow accumulated by the scraper than a wheel, it reduces the tendency of the machine to swerve and lightens the draft. Levers K, connected to the opposite ends of the scraper B, are employed for imparting independentvertical adjustment to the ends thereof, the said levers being fulcrumed upon the upper ends of uprights I, forming a part of the frame-work of the machine. The ends of the scraper are maintained in any desired adjustment by the engagement of spring-actuated dogs Q, inclosed in bearings R,attached to the levers.with segmental racks S, mounted upon the beam J, extending diagonally across the frame of the machine. The dogs aforesaid are disengaged from the racks by means of hand-levers T, pivoted to the levers K, and connected with the dogs by links U. The various manipulations of the levers K are effected as required by an operator,who stands upon a low platform, N, located directly behind-the scraper, and supported by the beam M, uniting the lower edges of the uprights I, and by the hanger 0, depending.

machine, the platform is arranged to accommodate working-tools, and also stones or other weights needed to steady the machine. Here it may be observed that the line of draft of the machine may be varied Within certain limits by suitably disposing the stones or weights upon the platform. Guides V, pivotally attached to the scraper, are mounted in the frame-work of the machine so as to be incapable of being moved, except vertically, for the purpose of adjusting the scraper. They, therefore, act as supports therefor, and prevent it from being deflected out of position by pressure from the front, rear, or ends. As herein shown, the'said guides are arranged to have bearing upon the forward faces of the uprights I, above described, while the guides are held from forward movement,whereby the scraper is prevented from forward endwise displacement by means of pins a and the shoulder b, or by any suitable equivalent means. The scraper is faced with two sets of metallic plates, herein designated by NV and Y, respectively. The plates WV simply sheath and protect the body of the scraper from wear and abrasion, while the plates Y are relied upon to cut and move the earth and snow. The edges of the plates Y will therefore wear away, and inasmuch as the angle which they present to the earth is continually changed by the adjustment of the ends of the scraper they will be worn unevenly. Wherefore, in order to obtain the greatest 'amount of service from one set of plates,they are made reversible edge for edge, and interchangeable plate for plate. Thus after both edges of the forward plate have been worn out, the forward plate being worn the faster, it maybe substituted by the rear plate and placed in the place thereof.

In the drawings the cuttingedge of the scraper-bar is shown to be composed of two sections or plates,Y; but this number may be increased, if found desirable. As for the sheath WV, it may be made in sections, as shown, or in one solid plate. The forward end of the scraper is provided with a vertically-adjust able extension,whichis pivoted to it, as shown. The adjustment of the said extension is effected by means of the hand-lever A, which is provided with holes, whereby the lever is engaged in different positions with a stud, B, projecting from the adjacent upright I. This extension enlarges the capacity of the machine for work by enabling it vto command a greater area of surface. \Vhen obstructions in the road render it necessary, it may be easily elevated to escape them, and depressed again when they are passed. The rear end of the scraper is provided with a vertically-adjustable scraper, O, which is provided with a hand-lever, D, the same being provided with a series of holes,whereby the lever is engaged with a stud, E, located upon the machine, as shown. A block, F, secured to the rear face of the said extension 0, engages with the working face of the scraper and preserves the desired angle between it and the extension. ,The

extension 0 enlarges the capacity of the machine in the same manner that the extension Z does; but its most important function lies in its use as a deflector of earth and snow loosened by the scraper. The extensions are used co-operatively, and especially when the machine is being employed as a snow-plow. Under such circumstances it is desirable to get as broad a cut as possible; and it is necessary to extend the scraper at both ends to preserve the balance of the machine. In cutting roads through snow the extra cut is shifted from one side of the machine to the other, as may be necessary to escape drifts. This could not be done if the scrapers were extended in one direction only. Again, when the extra cut is made on only one side of the machine, it is forced to return on that side, as there only is the snow broken for the team, and yet for many reasons it may be necessary to take the other. side of the broad cut in returning. It is thus apparent that the extensions have important co-operative as well as independent functions.

To enable the loose earth to be carried from place to place to fill cavities and hollows in the roadway, and to facilitate the work of grading, the machine is provided with an earth-carrier, which may be used or not, as desired. It consists of a plank, G, provided with a metallic face-plate, H; and, as herein shown, it is located to the rear of the center of the scraper. Three or more rods, 1, attached to the plank G, so as to brace it perfectly, converge and form a socket which receives a stud, J, forming the fulcrum upon which the carrier is raised and lowered. For this purpose a hand-lever, K, provi fled with an arm, K and secured to the frame-work of the machine, is employed, the said hand-lever being connected to the carrier by a link uniting the arm K and an angle-iron, L attached to the plank G. The hand-lever is within easy reach of the operator, who stands upon the platform N, and manipulates it to raise or lower the carrier as circumstances may dictate, whether the machine is in operation or at rest, and to hold it in any position throughout the range of its adjustment. By throwing the lever forward the carrier is locked in an elevated position. By throwing the lever backward the carrier may be forced into the earth. An arm, M, secured to the plank G, is arranged to engage with the upper edge of the scraper, and prevents the carrier from being depressed below the cutting-edge thereof.

To aid the operator in governing the machine, and to aid in preventing it from being deflected from side to side by the scraper-bar, which performs its work in lines diagonal to the draft, and hence exerts a constant tendency to deflect the machine from side to side, removable flanges N are secured to one or more of the wheels by bolts 0. These flanges consist of iron rings constructed in any suitable manner, and provided with bolt-holes adapting them. to be secured to the fellies of the wheels,

IIO

' scraper suspended therefrom, and a skeleton.

as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings. The weight of the machine forces the flanges into the soil or snow and enables them to resist the deflecting tendency of the scraper-bar.

It will be observed that, in virtue of the wide range of adjustment obtaining to my machine, it may be worked to advantage on roads varying widely in character. The capacity of the machine to do a great deal of work in a given time will also be perceived.

I do not limit myself to the particular construction herein shown and described, but hold myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

The frame of the mach ne may, in particular, be altered in adapting it to meet the requirements of the invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a road-machine, the combination, with a supportingframe, a scraper vertically movable, guiding-posts for holding the scraper against endwise movement, and. means for impartingindependent vertical adjustment to its ends, of front running-gear, and a frame connecting the supporting-frame with thesaid running-gear, and arranged to permit the same to be turned to coincide with the central line of draft, or to form any angle therewith, substantially as set forth. 7

2. In a road-machine, the combination, with a supportingframe, a scraper-bar located di' agonally to the line of draft, and devices for imparting vertical adjustment to the ends of the scraper-bar, of a goose-neck connected with the forward end of the supporting-frame, and a fifth-wheel supported on the forward axle and extending in front and rear thereof, and supporting the forward end of the goose neck thereon, the parts being constructed and arranged to allow the forward wheels to be turned at any angle to the central line of draft, substantially as set forth.

3. In a road-machine, the combination, with a frame mounted on wheels, of an oblique scraper suspended therefrom, and a removable runner located forward of the rear end of the scraper, substantially as set forth.

4. In a road-machine, the combination, with a frame mounted on wheels, of an oblique runner located forward of the rear end of the scraper, substantially as set forth.

5. In a road-machine, the combination,with a frame mounted on wheels, of an oblique scraper suspended therefrom,and a removable runner arranged to be mounted on the axle of the rear running-gear of the frame and arranged to replace the wheel located forward of the rear end of the scraper, substantially as set forth.

6. In a road-machine, the combination,with a frame mounted on wheels, of a scraper suspended therefrom, a runner located forward of the rear end of the scraper and supported solely by the axle of the rear running-gear of the machine, and by a beam attached to the frame of the machine located in front of the said axle, substantially as set forth.

7. In a road-machine, the combination,with an elevated su pporting-frame, of an adjustable scraper suspended therefrom, and a runner located forwardof the rear end of the scraper and arranged so as not to interfere with the escape of the accumulations thereof, substantial] y as set forth.

8. The combination, with an elevated supporting frame, of a vertically adjustable scraper-bar suspended therefrom and provided with removable and interchangeable cuttingedges and guide-bars, and frames, substantiall y as described, to retain the scraper against lateral and longitudinal displacement, substantially as set forth. i

9. In aroad-machine, the combination,with a scraper, of means for imparting independent vertical adjustment to its ends, and guides pivoted to the scraper and arranged to holdit rigidly in place, except as to vertical adj us ment, substantially as set forth.

10. In a road machine, the combination,

with a scraper-bar, of a series of interchange able and reversible plates secured thereto and forming a continuous straight cuttingedge, substantially as set forth.

11. In a road-machine, the combination,

with a scraper-bar, of a series of interchange-- able and reversible curved plates secured to the scraper and forming a continuous cuttingedge, substantially as set forth.

12. In a road machine, the combination, with a scraper'bar suspended from the machine by rigid supports, of a series of interchange able and reversible plates secured to the bar and forming a continuous cutting-edge, substantially as set forth.

18. In a road machine, the combination, with an oblique scraper depended from the frame of the machine by rigid supports, of devices for imparting independent vertical adjustment to the ends of the scraper, and cut ting-plates adapted to be rigidly secured to the scraper, and to be interchanged plate for plate, and to be reversed edge for edge, substantially as set forth. I

14. In a road machine, the combination,with an oblique scraper suspended under the frame of the machine, of vertically-adjustable extensions respectively secured to the forward and rear ends of said scraper, and means to independently elevate and depress said extensions and to hold them in any desired adjustment, substantially as set forth.

15. In a road-scraper, the combination,with the supporting-Ira me, the scraper-bar, the forward axle, and agoose-neck connected with the forward end of the supporting-frame, of a king-bolt connectingthe forward end of the goose-neck with the front axle, and broad turning-bearings on either side of the kingbolt and interposed between the front axle and forward end of the supporting-frame, substantially as set forth.

16. In a road-machine, the combination, with a scraper-bar,of a vertically-adjustable extension secured to its rear end, and a block secured to the rear face of the extension and bearing upon the working-face of the scraper-bar, whereby the extension is braced and the desired angle between it and the said bar maintained, substantially as set forth.

17. In aroad-machine, the eombination,with a supporting-frame mounted on wheels, and an oblique scraper suspended beneath the same, of

an earth-carrier located forward ofthe rear end of said scraper, and means to vertically elevate or depress it, substantially as set forth.

18. In a road-machine, the combination,with an elevated supportingframe and an oblique scraper suspended therefrom, of an earth-carrier located forward of the rear end of the scraper, and means to elevate or depress it, substantially as set forth.

19. In aroad-machine, the combination,with a supporting-frame and an oblique scraper suspended beneath the same, of an earth-earrier located forward of the rear end of the scraper, and means to elevate and depress it, and to lock it above the cutting-edge of the scraper, substantially as set forth.

20. In a road-machine, the eombination,with a supporting-frame and an oblique scraper suspended beneath the same, of an earth-carrier located forward of the rear end of the scraper, and means to elevate and depress it, and to prevent its lower edge from falling below that of the scraper, substantially as set forth.

21. In a road-machine, the combinatiomwith an elevated frame and an oblique scraper suspended therefrom, of an adjustable earth-carrier located forward of the rear end of the scraper and pivotally secured to the elevated supporting-frame, substantially as set forth.

22. In a road-machine, the combination, with a supporting-frame and an oblique scraper suspended beneath the same, of an earthcarrier located forward of the rear end of the scraper, and rods attached to it and forming both the means of bracing it and of attaching it to the frame of the machine, substantially as set forth.

23. In a grading-machine, the combination, with a supporting-frame, an oblique scraper, and curved arms attached to each side of the front end of the frame and forming an arched front frame, of the forward axle, and a fifthwheel interposed between the forward axle and the forward ends of the curved arms, substantially as set forth.

24:. In a grading-machine, the combination, with an elevated supporting-frame, an oblique scraper suspended from said frame, and means for imparting independent vertical adjustment to the ends of the scraper, and devices for locking the ends of the scraper in any desired vertical adjustment, ofupwardly-curved arms connected to the forward end of the supportingframe, and a lifth-wheel interposed between the front axle and forward end of said curved arms, substantially as set forth.

25. In a grading-machine, the combination, with the main supporting-frame and a vertically-adjustable scraper-bar, and means for supporting the same against deflection for direct resistance, of guides attached to the main frame and arranged to embrace said supporting devices, whereby said scraper-bar is held against forward endwise movement and horizontal vibratory movement, substantially as set forth.

26. In a grading-machine, the combination, with an oblique scraperbar and a carrying frame, of an earth-carrier or stop located in front of said scraperbar, and so arranged as to stop the earth which is being acted on by said scraper and carry it ahead, and means to elevate said stop above the upper edge of said scraper, and means for adjusting and locking said stop between the lower edge of said scraper and its upper edge, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

SAMUEL PENNOCK.

Witnesses:

HoRAoE WELDIN, WILLIAM XV. POLK. 

